• 1 Faculté des Sciences - Université de Dschang [Cameroun]

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) face many implementation’s problems such as connectivity, security, energy saving, fault tolerance, interference, collision, routing problems, etc. In this paper, we consider a low-density WSN where the distribution of the sensors is poor, and the virtual architecture introduced by Wadaa and al which provides a powerful and fast partitioning of the network into a set of clusters. In order to effectively route the information collected by each sensor node to the base station (sink node, located at the center of the network), we propose a technique based on multiple communication frequencies in order to avoid interferences during the communications. Secondly, we propose an empty clusters detection algorithm, allowing to know the area actually covered by the sensors after the deployment, and therefore, giving the possibility to react accordingly. Finally, we also propose a strategy to allow mobile sensors (actuators) to move in order to: save the WSN’s connectivity, improve the routing of collected data, save the sensors’ energy, improve the coverage of the area of interest, etc.