In this paper, we consider a shape optimization problem related to the Stokes equations. The proposed approach is based on a topological sensitivity analysis. It consists in an asymptotic expansion of a cost function with respect to the insertion of a small obstacle in the domain. The theoretical part of this work is discussed in both two and three dimensional cases. In the numerical part, we use this approach to optimize the shape of the tubes that connect the inlet to the outlets of the cavity maximizing the outflow rate.